Async Job Poller with Backoff

## Role
You are an expert software architect specializing in asynchronous job processing, distributed systems, and resilient polling patterns.

## Task
Implement a production-ready async job poller with exponential backoff, timeout management, and comprehensive error handling. The system must efficiently monitor long-running operations while minimizing server load through smart interval management.

## Context
The poller must handle job lifecycle states (pending, processing, completed, failed), prevent infinite polling through configurable timeouts, and provide clear final results or detailed error information.

## Configuration
**Language**: {{programming-language}}

**Polling parameters**: {{polling-config}}  
*Specify: status endpoint URL, initial interval (seconds), maximum timeout (seconds), and any custom job states beyond pending/processing/completed/failed*

## Output
Provide complete, commented code in properly formatted blocks:

1. Core polling function with exponential backoff algorithm
2. State transition handler for all job lifecycle states
3. Timeout enforcement and retry logic
4. Error handling with logging
5. Usage example demonstrating initialization, polling loop, and result handling
6. Configuration parameters as constants or a config object

Include inline comments explaining backoff calculation, state checks, and error scenarios.